FTP is a TCP/IP program used to transfer files between 2 computers.
	FTP requires your PC to be running the TCP/IP protocol.
	The computer you want to interact with must be running the FTP Server Service (or FTP daemon in Unix terms)
	<enter> in this document means press the enter key

1. Start the ftp service by opening a DOS window or command prompt, and typing:

ftp <enter>.
ftp> this is the prompt you will see to let you know you started the ftp program.

For a list of ftp commands, at the ftp prompt, type help.
ftp>help <enter>
For help with individual commands, type help command (where command is the actual command)
ftp>help mput <enter>

2. Type status <enter> to see what options are set for this ftp session.

3. To open an FTP session with a computer running the FTP server service, use 
    the open command.

open ftp.server_name <enter>
ftp>open ftp.microsoft.com <enter>

4. You will be prompted for a user name, then a password:

Public ftp servers allow anonymous logins.  For these servers, the default user name is
anonymous, and the default password is your email address.

user:anonymous (use this name if the ftp server allows anonymous logins... most do.)

password:anything@anything.net (this is a formality, you can put any email name you want.
Some ftp servers will also let you just press the <enter> key for the password.)

*** If you have an account set up on the server, then use the user name and 
       password assigned to you.

5. Use the dir command to list the directories on the FTP server:

ftp>dir <enter>

You can also use the ls command:

ftp>ls <enter>

6. Use the cd command to change directories (works the same as it does in DOS):

ftp>cd products<enter> - changes to the products subdirectory

You can use cd. , cd.. and so on to move back, but use cd/ (forward slash) to go to the root.
Also, when using the cd command, put a space after cd, then .. or . or /

7. To download a file from a ftp server:

a. change to the directory on your PC where you want the file to go by using the 
    lcd command (local change directory).
b. change to the directory on the ftp server where the file you want to download is located.
c. then use the get or recv command (they both do the same thing).
    ***for multiple files use the mget command.

a. ftp>lcd c:\mydir <enter>
b. ftp>cd myftpdir <enter>
c. ftp>get dirmap.htm <enter>
    ftp>recv dirmap.txt <enter>

* Note:
There are two file transfer types with FTP.
The default file transfer type is ASCII.

In ASCII mode (text mode), data is transferred in such a way as to make it understandable on the
destination machine. ASCII mode "translates" the information so that the meaning of the data is
preserved. For example, if a file is transferred from a Macintosh to an IBM PC in ASCII mode,
the bit-sequence of the copy would not be identical to the original, as is the case with binary.
However, the data would be decipherable by the destination machine.

ASCII is used for .txt, .htm, .html files and email messages.

In Binary mode, data is transferred so that the original and the copy are bit-by-bit identical,
regardless of the compatibility of the two machines engaged in the ftp connection. If a file is 
transferred from a Macintosh to an IBM PC in Binary, the file on the IBM will be identical to the
file on the Mac, regardless of whether or not the IBM PC is able to decipher it.

Binary file transfer is used for .exe, .com, .zip, .tar, .gif, .jpg, .doc, .xls files

If you are downloading a Binary file, type binary at the ftp> prompt first
to change the file transfer type to Binary:

ftp>binary <enter>
ftp>get chat.exe
ftp>get yn.com

To see what type of file transfer type you are using type, type <enter>
ftp>type <enter>
You can also use this command to change the file transfer type.
ftp>type binary <enter>
ftp>type ascii <enter>


To download multiple files use the mget command

ftp>mget *.txt <enter> - This will download all the .txt files in the current directory.
You will be prompted for each file before it is downloaded.

Type y <enter> for yes, or n <enter> for no, or just press <enter> for yes.

To disable prompting for multiple file puts or gets, type prompt at the ftp> prompt
before downloading the files.
The prompt command toggles prompting on and off.

ftp>prompt <enter>
ftp>mget *.txt <enter>
ftp>mget file1.txt, file2.txt, file3.txt  (you can enter multiple file names)
ftp>mget *.* <enter>
To abort a download or upload press <ctrl><break>


8. To copy a file to the ftp server:

a. change to the directory on your PC where the file is by using the 
    lcd command (local change directory).
b. change to the directory where you want the file to go on the ftp server.
c. then use the send or put command (they both do the same thing).
    ***for multiple files use the mput command.

a. ftp>lcd c:\mydir <enter>
b. ftp>cd myftpdir <enter>
c. ftp>send myfile.txt <enter>
    ftp>type binary <enter>
    ftp>put myfile.exe<enter>
    ftp>mput *.* <enter> - sends all the files in the current directory to the ftp server
    ftp>mput file1.txt, file2.txt, file3.txt  (you can enter multiple file names)


9. To disconnect from the ftp server:

ftp>disconnect <enter>
This will leave ftp running, but disconnect you from the server.
You can also use:
ftp> close <enter> to disconnect.

To end an ftp session, type quit or bye. This will disconnect you from the server, and
end the ftp session.
ftp>bye <enter>


MISC

The following commands are of interest:

ABOR	abort a file transfer
BELL	toggles a bell to ring after each file transfer is completed
CWD	change working directory
DELE	delete a remote file
LIST	list remote files
MDTM	return the modification time of a file
MKD	make a remote directory
MKDIR	makes a remote directory
NLST	name list of remote directory
PASS	send password
PASV	enter passive mode
PORT	open a data port
PWD	print working directory
QUIT	terminate the connection
RETR	retrieve a remote file
RENAME	renames a remote file
RMD	remove a remote directory
RMDIR	remove a remote directory
RNFR	rename from
RNTO	rename to
SITE	site-specific commands
SIZE	return the size of a file
STATUS	typing this displays the options you have set for your session
STOR	store a file on the remote host
TRACE	off by default - displays the route of each packet
TYPE	set transfer type
VERBOSE	on by default - displays ftp response messages on your screen
USER	send username

FTP codes and actions
The series code (the number) at the beginning of some lines of the FTP log describes the action
that took place between your computer and the server in the FTP process. The table below
describes these FTP codes and actions.  Note: not all FTP servers will use the same codes.

Code	Description
100 Series Codes	The requested action is being initiated, expect another reply before proceeding with a new command.
110	Restart marker reply.
120	Service ready in nnn minutes.
125	Data connection already open, transfer starting.
150	File status okay, about to open data connection.
200 Series Codes	The requested action has been successfully completed.
200	Command okay.
202	Command not implemented, superfluous at this site.
211	System status, or system help reply.
212	Directory status.
213	File status.
214	Help message.
215	NAME system type. (Where NAME is an official system name from the list in the Assigned Numbers document.)
220	Service ready for new user.
221	Service closing control connection. Logged out if appropriate.
225	Data connection open; no transfer in progress.
226	Closing data connection. Requested file action successful (for example, file transfer or file abort).
227	Entering Passive Mode
230	User logged in, proceed.
250	Requested file action okay, completed.
257	"PATHNAME" created.
300 Series Codes	The command has been accepted, but the requested action is being held in abeyance, pending receipt of further information.
331	User name okay, need password.
332	Need account for login.
350	Requested file action pending further information.
400 Series Codes	The command was not accepted and the requested action did not take place, but the error condition is temporary and the action may be requested again.
401	This service is not accepting users now. User quota filled. Try again later.
421	Service not available, closing control connection. This may be a reply to any command if the service knows it must shut down.
425	Can't open data connection.
426	Connection closed; transfer aborted.
431	Log-in unsuccessful. User name and/or password invalid.
450	Requested file action not taken. File unavailable (e.g., file busy).
451	Requested action aborted: local error in processing.
452	Requested action not taken. Insufficient storage space in system.
453	File transfer incomplete. Insufficient storage space.
500 Series Codes	The command was not accepted and the requested action did not take place.
500	Syntax error, command unrecognized. This may include errors such as command line too long.
501	Syntax error in parameters or arguments.
502	Command not implemented.
503	Bad sequence of commands.
504	Command not implemented for that parameter.
530	Not logged in.
532	Need account for storing files.
550	Requested action not taken. File unavailable (e.g., file not found, no access).
552	Requested file action aborted. Exceeded storage allocation (for current directory or dataset).
553	Requested action not taken. File name not allowed.

For more FTP info and commands see the Windows Resource Kit books.



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